What Police Usually Use as a Gun: A Comprehensive Overview

When considering what police usually use as a gun, the answer is multifaceted and depends on various factors, including the jurisdiction, the specific situation, and departmental policies. The standard-issue firearm for most law enforcement agencies is the handgun, but this is only one piece of the puzzle. Understanding the array of firearms and less-lethal options available to police officers provides a clearer picture of their arsenal.

This article delves into the types of firearms commonly used by police, the considerations behind their selection, and the training involved. We will also explore the evolving landscape of less-lethal alternatives and the ongoing debate surrounding their use.

Standard Issue Handguns

The handgun is the most frequently carried firearm by police officers in the United States and many other countries. These weapons are designed for close-quarters combat and are intended to be readily accessible in situations requiring immediate force. The specifics of the handgun can vary, but certain models and calibers are prevalent.

Popular Models

Several handgun models have gained widespread acceptance among law enforcement agencies. Some of the most popular include:

Glock 17/19: Known for their reliability, simplicity, and polymer frames, Glock pistols are a staple in many police departments. The Glock 17 is a full-sized handgun, while the Glock 19 is a more compact version.
Sig Sauer P320: Another popular choice, the Sig Sauer P320, offers modularity and a reputation for accuracy. Its ability to be customized to fit different hand sizes and preferences makes it appealing to a diverse range of officers.
Smith & Wesson M&P: The Smith & Wesson Military & Police (M&P) series is another widely used option, offering a balance of performance and affordability.

Caliber Considerations

The caliber of a handgun refers to the diameter of the bullet it fires. Common calibers used by police include:

9mm: The 9mm cartridge is a popular choice due to its manageable recoil, high capacity magazines, and effectiveness. It strikes a balance between stopping power and ease of use.
.40 S&W: Developed in the 1990s, the .40 S&W was initially favored for its perceived superior stopping power compared to the 9mm. However, the 9mm has seen a resurgence in popularity due to advancements in bullet technology.
.45 ACP: The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) is a larger caliber known for its significant stopping power. While still used by some agencies, it is less common than the 9mm and .40 S&W due to its lower magazine capacity and increased recoil.

Shotguns

Beyond the handgun, shotguns are another critical component of a police officer’s arsenal. These firearms are primarily used for situations requiring greater stopping power at short to medium ranges. Shotguns are versatile and can be equipped with various types of ammunition for different purposes.

Common Shotgun Models

The most common shotgun used by police is the 12-gauge pump-action shotgun. Popular models include:

Remington 870: The Remington 870 is a widely used and highly reliable pump-action shotgun. Its rugged construction and ease of use make it a favorite among law enforcement agencies.
Mossberg 500: Similar to the Remington 870, the Mossberg 500 is another popular pump-action shotgun known for its durability and affordability.

Ammunition Types

Shotguns can fire a variety of ammunition types, each designed for a specific purpose:

Buckshot: Buckshot consists of multiple large pellets that spread out upon firing, increasing the chances of hitting a target. It is commonly used for close-quarters combat and riot control.
Slugs: Slugs are single, large projectiles that offer greater accuracy and range than buckshot. They are often used in situations where a more precise shot is needed.
Less-Lethal Rounds: These rounds are designed to incapacitate a suspect without causing serious injury. Examples include beanbag rounds and rubber bullets.

Rifles

Rifles, particularly those chambered in intermediate calibers like 5.56mm/.223, are increasingly common in law enforcement, especially in specialized units like SWAT teams. Rifles offer greater accuracy and range than handguns and shotguns, making them suitable for engaging targets at longer distances.

AR-15 Platform

The AR-15 platform is the most prevalent type of rifle used by police. Its modular design allows for customization with various accessories, such as optics, lights, and foregrips. [See also: Tactical Rifle Accessories for Law Enforcement]

Why Rifles?

The increased use of rifles in law enforcement reflects a shift towards equipping officers with tools that can effectively address evolving threats. Rifles provide a significant advantage in situations involving active shooters or armed suspects at a distance.

Less-Lethal Options

In addition to firearms, police officers have access to a range of less-lethal options designed to subdue suspects without causing serious injury or death. These options are intended to bridge the gap between verbal commands and deadly force.

Tasers/Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEWs)

Tasers, or Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEWs), are devices that deliver an electrical shock to temporarily incapacitate a suspect. They are widely used as a less-lethal alternative to firearms. [See also: The Ethics of Taser Use in Policing]

Pepper Spray (OC Spray)

Pepper spray, also known as OC (oleoresin capsicum) spray, is an inflammatory agent that causes temporary blindness, coughing, and difficulty breathing. It is commonly used to control crowds and subdue resisting suspects.

Beanbag Rounds

Beanbag rounds are shotgun rounds that contain a small bag filled with lead shot. They are designed to deliver a painful impact that can temporarily incapacitate a suspect without causing serious injury.

Rubber Bullets

Rubber bullets are another type of less-lethal projectile. They are typically used for crowd control and can cause pain and bruising.

Training and Policy

The use of any weapon by a police officer is governed by strict policies and procedures. Officers undergo extensive training in firearms proficiency, use-of-force tactics, and de-escalation techniques. The goal is to ensure that officers use the minimum amount of force necessary to safely resolve a situation.

Use-of-Force Continuum

Most police departments operate under a use-of-force continuum, which outlines the escalating levels of force that an officer can use in response to a suspect’s actions. The continuum typically includes verbal commands, physical control, less-lethal weapons, and deadly force. The level of force used must be proportional to the threat posed by the suspect.

Ongoing Training

Firearms training is an ongoing process for police officers. They regularly participate in live-fire exercises, scenario-based training, and legal updates to maintain their proficiency and stay informed about changes in policy and procedure.

The Evolving Landscape

The debate surrounding police use of force is constantly evolving. As technology advances and societal expectations shift, law enforcement agencies are continually evaluating their policies and practices. There is a growing emphasis on de-escalation tactics, community policing, and the use of less-lethal alternatives.

Body-Worn Cameras

Body-worn cameras have become increasingly common in law enforcement. These devices record interactions between officers and the public, providing a valuable record of events. Body-worn cameras can promote transparency and accountability, helping to build trust between police and the communities they serve.

Community Policing

Community policing emphasizes building relationships between police officers and the residents of the communities they serve. This approach aims to foster trust, improve communication, and address the root causes of crime. [See also: The Benefits of Community Policing Initiatives]

Conclusion

When considering what police usually use as a gun, it’s important to recognize the diverse range of tools available to law enforcement officers. From standard-issue handguns to shotguns, rifles, and less-lethal options, each weapon serves a specific purpose and is governed by strict policies and procedures. The goal is to equip officers with the tools they need to protect themselves and the public while minimizing the risk of injury or death. The ongoing evolution of policing practices reflects a commitment to continuous improvement and a desire to build stronger, more trusting relationships between law enforcement and the communities they serve. Understanding the various types of firearms and less-lethal options that police usually use as a gun, along with the training and policies that govern their use, is crucial for informed discussions about law enforcement and public safety. The question of what police usually use as a gun is complex, but the purpose remains the same: to protect and serve.